The Effects Of Nutrition On Children s Self Image And...

In todays society, the media increases the public knowledge of young adults or adolescents about things such as healthy diets, looking fit, having that summer body or the abs you desire. It has been identified that this publication of self-concept the way someone â€Å"evaluates or perceives themselves† (Mcleod, 2008) could somewhat be effecting the nutrition of Australian adolescents and possibly having a devastating effects on our society. The Dietitians Association Of Australia states â€Å"good nutrition is critical during the teenage years to ensure healthy growth and development† (2016) however it can be seen that this most likely is not followed by all Australian teenagers, which is a big problem for their health and well being. This is evident by statistics given by Eating Disorders Victoria that â€Å"Eating disorders are increasing in both younger and older age groups† (2011). Therefore this likely shows that nutrition is a major role in adolescent†™s self-image and lifestyle. This essay will further break down the concepts of how nutrition plays such a vital role in Australian adolscent’s self-image and lifestyle and justify why there potentially needs to be a change in our society â€Å"Nutrition is the study of food at work in our bodies, our source for energy, and the medium for which our nutrients can function† (Kristina, 2011). It is important that everyone is healthy, however, it is especially important that adolescents have a balanced nutrition. It is suggested by theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Nutrition On Children s Self Image And Lifestyle Essay1966 Words   |  8 Pagesdiets, looking fit, having that summer body or the abs you desire. It has been identified that could this publication of self-concept the way someone â€Å"evaluates or perceives themselves† (Mcleod, 2008) somewhat effecting the nutrition of Australian adolescents and could this have devastating effects on our society? The Dietitians Association Of Australia states â€Å"good nutrition is critical during the teenage years to ensure healthy growth and development† (2016) however it could be seen that this mostRead MoreHealth Of Health And Nutrition1646 Words   |  7 Pagessteps of maintaining their health. Lack of health management it a big part in deaths today. Health and nutrition is a serious matter among peoples health. Being able to understand and maintain is a big problem now for teens and kids, choosing on the right foods or activities to keep everything in track. Health and nutrition can also have a great effect on their social life. Health and nutrition is a important thing to keep up with. People who don’t control what they do or eat could end up in aRead MoreHealth Of Health And Nutrition1654 Words   |  7 Pages Lack of health management it a big part in deaths today. Health and nutrition is a serious matter among peoples health. Being able to understand and maintain is a big problem now for teens and kids, choosing on the right foods or activities to keep everything in track. health and nutrition can also have a great effect on their social life. Health and nutrition is a very important thing to keep up with. People who don’t control what theyRead MorePhysical Activity in Primary School Children Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical activity is crucial for a child’s development and lays the foundation for a healthy and active life. Children are becoming overweight and obese due to poor food choices and an increasing sedentary lifestyle (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010). High calorie food and increased indoor activity, such as watching television or computer games, are fuelling the unhealthy lifestyle epidemic in children. Physical activity in middle childhood, (8 to12 year olds), is a crucial component in addressing and preventingRead MoreSchools Should Implement Programs Tailored to Prevent Childhood Obesity796 Words   |  4 Pagesthat it can negatively affect health’. Over 90% of children in Australia attend school, more than one third of students overweight or obese (Centre for Disease Control and Pre vention [CDC].(2013). Without the incorporation of prevention programs in schools this epidemic will continue rising as will its detrimental consequences physically, psychosocially, economically and academically. The prominent impact of childhood obesity is the detrimental effects on the physical health.There is an increased riskRead MoreCulture Is A Major Factor Of Obesity1555 Words   |  7 Pageshealth nuts, ignore other factors that could cause a person to be heavy. They overlook the effect of food habits and how they can be passed down from generation to generation, much like a cultural tradition, and how respecting some of these traditions can be just as important as following their cultures values. Culture plays a greater role in minority obesity than doing exercise and leading a healthy lifestyle because food habits are passed down as a learned behavior. This can be further shown in theRead MoreExercise For Today s Youth1552 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies have shown that exercise can be beneficial to a teen s overall health while also promoting a positive body image. The above graph represents a percentage of children. It breaks down the children into three age groups and starts with kindergarten. It also focuses on 6th graders and 9th graders. The numbers reflect the percentage of children in these age categories that are obese and overweight. The biggest takeaway from these images is the fact that over 30% of 9th grade students are eitherRead MoreHealth Promotion : Body Image2158 Words   |  9 PagesReview of Literature Body Image What is body image? Body image is how we perceive ourselves positively or negatively, how we feel about our bodies, the amount of physical space we take up, and how others view us. According to Brown University s Health Promotion, â€Å"body image is a widespread preoccupation† (Health Promotion: Body Image, 2008). In the same article a study was conducted with college students, 74.4% of normal weight women expressed that they think about their appearance is frequentlyRead MoreGender Roles And Its Effect On Society1278 Words   |  6 Pagesthose roles can be very constricting for most of the population. Gender roles can be so restricting that they affect our lifestyle, workplace, and mentality and self image. â€Å"Pereira observed both boys and girls regulating their behavior in potentially harmful ways in order to adhere to gender norms.†(Culp-Ressler) Gender roles can make anyone who strives for that â€Å"ideal† lifestyle have a very demanding and oppressive life. What I mean by this is that, the â€Å"perfect† life we envision, even if it isn’tRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children Health1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Obesity on Children Health Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Childhood obesity has been problem in developed as well as in developing countries. As Cause, it is accepted that increase in obesity results from an imbalance between abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to burn calorie. There is increasing

Determinants of Earnings Free Essays

Determinants of Earnings Improving someone’s success in the labour market is a main objective of both family and policy makers, especially those with low earning in recent years. In the classic view of labour earning, we assume that the skills of individuals are the dominant factor to determine the earnings’ level. However, the recent year study manifests multiple factors have been weighed more than before. We will write a custom essay sample on Determinants of Earnings or any similar topic only for you Order Now To illustrate this new situation, it believes that individuals’ successes in labour market are quite differentiated from one’s family background support, capacities to contribute to production or service, genetics, the education level, and the working experience in the labour market. Specifically, the low earning individuals’ situation can be well-persuasive proof for it. An individual might hold various earnings at the same time such as the interest of saving, stock, fund of dividend income and property of real estate of individual. The developed labour market economy directs that an individual’s earning is equal to the number of production factors sold by the individual times the price of various elements. Personal income is equal to market income and transfer payment. A majority of market income comes from wages and salaries. Few of market income come from property rights. The transfer payment of the government is mainly for those old men’s social security. In standard of earning equation for individuals of the same race and sex in Canada, between two thirds and four fifth of the variance of the natural logarithm of wages or of annual earning is unexplained by the above variables. † This statement is said by Bowles (2001). A few of the variance is contributed by the unstable factor of earnings and response error. For example, from the more detailed Employers’ Manpower and Skills Practices Survey of 1693 British employers reported in Green, Machin and Wilkenson (1998). Of the somewhat more than a third of the establishments reporting the â€Å"skill shortage†, personnel managers identified the recruitment problem as â€Å"lack of technical skills† in 43 percent of the cases. However, â€Å"poor attitude, motivation, or personality† in a remarkable 62 percent of the cases. Poor attitude was by far the most important reason for the recruitment difficulty given. The importance of motivation relative to technical skill was even greater among the full sample. Such a model, however, is readily provided, even within a fully competitive framework. If disequilibrium rents arising from technological or other shocks are persistent and if labor services are not subject to enforceable contracts, individual behavioral traits unrelated to productive capacities may bear a positive price. For example, aspects of an individual’s personality such as fatalism or impatience may reduce the likelihood of capturing disequilibrium rents and dampen the employee’s response to common employer strategies aimed at eliciting high levels of labor effort. Furthermore, the behavioral traits that contributed to high income in some works might have the negative effects. For instance, an individual who prefer not to subordinate himself to others will be highly successful in some works, but abject failures in others. â€Å"Understanding why individual characteristics that are not skills may be rewarded in a competitive labor market may enhance the explanatory power and policy relevance of the human capital model by shedding some light on how schooling and other human investments raise individual earnings. † Bowles mentioned in 2001. How to cite Determinants of Earnings, Essay examples

Surveillance Emerging Infectious Diseases -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Surveillance Emerging Infectious Diseases? Answer: Introduction International cooperation ages back to the period after the World War II. The concept was introduced by the 1947 Marshall Plan for reconstructing Europe, building the United Nations Organization (UNO) and the institutions of Bretton Woods. Today, the term is more associated with the exchange of long-term financial assets between developing and developed countries. International operations can be defined as the collaboration of world countries at a global level taking a joint initiative for sustainable development. However, it has been the opinion of some that international cooperation can threaten national development or even national security. However, the purpose of the paper is to argue that international cooperation does not threaten national development. This is because international cooperation has a major role to play in the development of national health and education. Discussion International cooperation has enhanced and facilitated the development of national health. Improving the health quotient has been one of the key driving forces within which the concept of international cooperation operates. This is demonstrated in the following. International cooperation has resulted in the formation of certain initiatives like the Millennium Development Goals that comprises eight interrelated targets to eradicate extreme poverty. Three among the eight targets is in the context of promoting better international health quality. The three targets include reducing the rates of death among children, improving maternal health, and fighting Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases (Figui 2014). The member states belonging to the WHO have identified the necessity of better health conditions and have dedicated themselves in providing access on a global level to the various health services. Many multi-stakeholder institutions like the Global Fund have emerged as a result of inte rnational cooperation to fight diseases like HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Furthermore, the GAVI Alliance was introduced as a response to the gradually degrading rates of covering immunization in the developing countries. The GAVI Alliance provides resources that are predictable and sustainable for the developing countries to acquire vaccines as well as works at lowering the global costs of vaccines. In addition, international health cooperation has also enabled the emergence of UNITAID, an international facility that provides medicines for malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS at affordable prices in the developing countries. The South-South and triangular cooperation offers the opportunity to exchange expertise in the developing countries. It is responsible for the promotion of inter-regional and international development in fighting the common challenges in the health sector (Youde 2017). The above mentioned initiatives resulting from international cooperation has reforme d the global health standards. These steps have helped in tackling health problems in the developing countries effectively if not sufficiently at a global level. However, most of these initiatives that are adopted have a traditional approach. It is necessary that the international health cooperation framework employ not just traditional but innovative approaches as well. Furthermore, it is also noted that multilateralism operates in the core of these international health-related initiatives. Hence, given to the above evidence of international cooperation in the health sector it can be said that international cooperation has worked successfully in raising and developing the global healthcare standards. International cooperation has taken an attempt in uniting multiple nations for improving the education quality and standards in the developing nations. For long, countries have helped and collaborated with each other in the educational ventures in the form of a systematic cooperation for promoting national development and reconstruction. This can be analyzed in the following. Nations and global institutions like Germany, France, the United States, the International Development Association, the World Bank Group, and the European Union Institutions began contributing to the development of education in the developing countries. Initiatives like Education for All and emphasis on the need for basic and higher education began to gain popularity worldwide. In fact, statistics claim that the largest portion of the international development aid in the period of 2010-2014 had gone to the promotion of higher education with an average global donation estimate of $4,414 million (UNESCO 2016). The UN General Assembly of September 2015 adopted and expanded their agenda for development that called for seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030. Among these goals, education and educational quality was given a place of priority that aimed at ensuring unbiased and comprehensive educational quality and at making education and learning a possibility for a life throughout and for all (Ward 2015). The SDGs intend to make affordable and quality education available through international cooperation by the year 2030. They also intend to promote literacy and numeracy in a non-violent environment among all age groups devoid of their gender, physical disabilities, race, caste or religion. They aim at increasing substantially the number of quality teachers through international cooperation in developing countries by the year of 2030 (UNESCO 2016). These steps and goals mentioned above have proved essential to reduce illiteracy and to promote quality education in the dev eloping countries. Furthermore, it is understood that philanthropies all over the world are collaborating to provide opportunities for quality educational developments all over the world, especially in the developing countries. The emphasis placed on the importance of basic and higher education at a global level has enabled nations to work together through international cooperation. However, the process for the attainment of developed educational standards operates at a slow pace. Nevertheless, the global and collaborated initiatives of nations have been successful in achieving the set educational standards to a significant extent. Therefore, from the above-mentioned arguments and evidence, it can be proved that international cooperation has been beneficial in the development of global educational standards and in setting higher parameters for national education in the developing countries. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that international cooperation has been beneficial in promoting development in the sectors of national health and education. It is through international cooperation that initiatives like the Global Fund and UNITAID emerged for the development of global health standards. It is through international cooperation that nations have come together to frame initiatives like Education for All and the SDGs that aim at raising the educational standards. Hence, it is evident that international cooperation does not threaten national development. Instead, it works to ensure and strengthen the possibilities of national development on a wider scale. However, it is recommended that for the future scope of national development through international cooperation to be brighter, nations should collaborate on a larger level to form more initiatives that are philanthropic. References Figui, M 2014, 'Towards a global governance of risks: international health organisations and the surveillance of economics infectious diseases',Journal of Risk Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 469-483. UNESCO Institute for Statistics2016,marketing Education Count for Development: Data Collection and Availability in Six PISA for Development Countries, OECD Publishing, Paris. Ward, M 2015, 'Education, learning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development',OECD Observer, no. 303, p. 11. Youde, J 2017, 'Global Health Governance in International Society',Global Governance, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 583-600.

Telemachus And Penelope Essays - Greek Mythology, Phemius, Penelope

Telemachus And Penelope The disagreement between Telemachus and Penelope arises from differing opinions on the entertainment of Phemius. Phemius is singing the tale of the Greek warriors of Troy and their homecomings when Penelope descends from her chambers to protest this choice of music. She scolds him, and orders him to stop because he has reminded her of Odysseus, who's long lost at sea. Telemachus rebukes his mother by protesting that the bard has the right to sing anything he wishes. He then sends his mother off to her chambers, declaring that he is the master of the house. This clash between Penelope and Telemachus was caused by both. Penelope's fault was that she did not stop to consider Telemachus' feelings on the subject. She is so engrossed in her own pain for her lost love that she is blind to the problems of her son. She does not see his insecurities on his past and especially his future, or his lack of confidence in himself. Most of all, she is ignorant to his inner struggle between love and hate for Odysseus. She does not realize his need to learn of his legacy, she only sees her grief and her pain. . She is very detached from the world, and focuses on her grief and pain. Because she is so preoccupied with her own problems, she has neglected her duties as a mother. She, in her distress, has pushed her son away from her. This disagreement over Phemius only shows the deep chasm that has come between them. As for Telemachus, he makes the same mistakes as his mother in that he refuses to see her side of the issue. He, too, is deeply engrossed in his problems that he does not see the deep extent of his mother's pain. Him ordering her to leave is a sign that he believes her feelings to be almost inconsequential compared to his. His eagerness to learn of Odysseus' great deeds seems to overshadow the sadness his mother feels. The tales of the Trojan War are the only way in which he can come to know his father, who he does not remember, since Penelope obviously avoids the topic entirely. He needs to know his legacy. Most importantly, he is searching for a way to justify his father's absence, and to justify why he has left Ithaca in such a state of disorder. However, his quest for his legacy was not the only reason he had for defending Phemius. It was also caused by his resentment towards his mother for having known his father and not telling him about him. He feels that his mother has prevented him from gaining an understanding of his heritage. This disagreement over Phemius was a window to the anger that Telemachus had towards his mother for not familiarizing him with the legacy of his father. Another reason Telemachus was so quick to rebuke Penelope was his deep desire to exert his power and his dominance, his rightful dominance over the household. By ordering his mother to leave the hall, he is showing to the suitors that it is he, not his mother, who has more power. When he declares that he is master of the house, partially caused by the newfound courage distilled in him by Athena, he is introducing a new him. This was his opportunity to establish his position above the suitors and prepare for his announcement that he will go search for his father. This disagreement allowed Telemachus to step into the limelight, and express himself as a force to be reckoned with.

buy custom Biopsychosocial Assessment of an Anorexic Client essay

buy custom Biopsychosocial Assessment of an Anorexic Client essay Biopsychosocial assessment of clients in medical fields involves the assessment of the biological, psychological and social factors in human functioning with regards to diseases and ailments. It recognizes that thoughts, emotions and behavior play significant roles in the normal human functioning (Nurse Blog, 2009). One of such areas where thoughts, emotions, and social behavior have such impact is in psychiatry. Anorexia is one such psychiatric disorders resulting from an unexplained fear of weight gain, self denial of food and conspicuous distortion of the body image. The Cleveland Clinic (2007) describes the anorexic client as obsessed with getting increasingly thinner and thus compromising his/her health through food ration and starvation. This paper is based on a biopsychosocial assessment of an anorexic client and focuses on the clients symptoms, issues, strengths, recourses and finally proposes a treatment plan. Symptoms an Anorexic Client Common Symptoms Anorexic patients suffer from conditions of rapid weight loss, unusual interest in food, nutrition or cooking, intensive fear of weight gain, strange eating habits and routines and social withdrawal. Aylet (2001) explains that anorexia is more common in females who may also experience infrequent and irregular menstrual periods. Backer and Wilgram (2009) assert that compulsive exercising, and depressive conditions like anxiety and irritability are also common symptoms of anorexia disorder in patients. Long-term Physical Symptoms Medics on the other hand, have identified long term physical symptoms as low tolerance to cold weather, brittle hair and nails, lack of blood, constipation and change in skin color. With regards to my client she presented more outward signs such as depression, brittle hair, withdrawal behaviors, weight loss, swollen joints and strange eating habits. Such symptoms manifest commonly among anorexic patients (Cleveland Clinic, 2007). Anorexic Patients Strengths It is an issue of concern for medical practitioners on how anorexic patients undergo long periods of fasting and weight loss. Backer and Wigram (1999) indicate that anorexic symptoms are very understandable and meaningfully seen from the clients point of view. For example, the fact that my client could observe the advanced physical symptoms of anorexia in her, it was surprising that she still wanted more weight loss. Ayelet (2001) explains that anorexic clients enjoy dieting with an intention of loosing weight and live in a condition of self denial. They have the ability to progressively reduce weight even when their weight is already low (Backer and Wigram, 1999). Ability to Derive Satisfaction The assessment of the clients nutritional routine revealed one of self-starving with a degree of satisfaction. Sturmey (2009) reveals the aspect of enjoyment in starvation asserting that persons with anorexia typically restrict food intake in a rigid and extreme way. Thus, these patients have the ability to derive satisfaction from restricted food intake. My client informed me that she uses laxative and diet pills to reduce weight gain and consequently feels much happier than ever before. This behavior is confirmed in Ayelet (2001) when she asserts that anorexic patients derive pleasure from the sensation of starvation. Exhibition of Self Critical Ability My client also exhibited self critical ability which enabled her to strive for perfection in all that she undertook without much criticism. First, she wore lose clothing to hide her weight loss from her parents and teachers. She underscored the fact that she looses weight in order to look good and hence attract more friends. Ayelet (2001) identified the constant feeling of success, self control and accomplishment as some of the factors which make adolescents loose weight. Ayelet (2001) also describes anorexic patients self critical skills as enabling them explore various ways of having a better control of their body and nutrition even amist criticism from peers. The Anorexic Patients Recourse Introduction Most anorexic patients resort to other means to achieve their objectives in weight loss and distortion of their bodies. This section discusses four mechanisms that my client uses to attain success even amidst anxiety, stress and guilt. These mechanisms include management of depression through suicidal tendencies, physical exercising to substitute the urge for food, binging and purging and lastly conditioned hunger inhibition. Depression Most anorexic patients undergo a history of depressive symptoms which include low mood, tiredness, social withdrawal and a feeling of guilt, shame and failure. Sturmey (2009) explains that depressions may also cause a change in eating habits of an individual. My client expressed depressive symptoms of guilt, shame and social withdrawal. She had a low self esteem with a distinctive loss of self confidence from her weight loss. Ayelet (2001) explains that stress, insecurity and anxiety are more familiar with anorexic patients. She further explains that such patients value death as a solution to their withdrawal and weight loss problems. Its is no wonder that most anorexic patients have suicidal habits. Physical Exercising Studies have shown that most anorexic clients undertake alternative reinforcing activities in order to compete with the reinforcing value of food (Sturmey, 2009). In other words, competing alternative reinforces are able to compete with the reinforcing value of food. Despite the fact that my client had a decreased time for eating, she had allocated more time for physical activities, watching movies, studies and other social activities. Not only does physical and social activities preoccupy the anorexic patients mind to avoid meals but also help in weight loss itself. Ayelet (2001) indicates that she developed a comprehensive plan to enable her exercise with the intention of loosing more weight and forgetting food. She writes I was preoccupied and obsessed with all these aspects of my program. Backer in Backer and Wigram (1999) confirmed the effect of physical activity in anorexic clients when one of his clients told him that he liked playing the piano because it made her forget all h er thought. Binging and Purging The second recourse for anorexic patients is what is referred to by Sturmey (2009) as bulimia-type behavior. My client displaced a history of vomiting and self induced constipation. Ayelet (2001) explains that anorexic patients are experienced at forcing themselves to vomit and hiding and throwing away food. The misuse of laxatives and diuretics are also other ways used by anorexic patients (Sturmey, 2009). My client reported that she started purging and binging by initially digging her fingers down her throat and then later down her abdomen. Hunger Inhibition Sturmey (2009) indicates that anorexic patients may develop a conditioned anticipator response to inhibit feelings of hunger and desire to eat even while seeing food. This condition is developed by the body because of the patients history of eating limited variety of food at decreased intervals. My client informed me that she drinks a lot of water in between meals. However, Sturmey (2009) argues that the amount of water taken during a meal should be regulated for it affects the self-reported feelings of hunger and satiety during a meal. Treatment Plan as an Anorexic Client This paper has underscored the multidimensional aspect of the anorexic disorder. An appropriate treatment plan should address both physical problems caused by the patients eating disorder and the psychiatric problems such as depressions, anxiety and the suicidal thoughts. Sturmey (2009) argues that a good treatment plan should have the maximum magnitude of effect and address the behavioral and the causative dimensions. Such treatment plans should involve psychotherapy and nutritional counseling and be as supportive as possible to alleviate denial and rebellion. They should recogniize that most anorexia patients are in a state of self denial and may refuse to follow the treatment plan (Backer and Wigram, 1999). Psychotherapy Treatment an Anorexic Client Psychotherapy should be accompanied by medical and nutritional support and guidance. It involves changing the cognitive and behavioral thinking and actions of a patient. However, this plan should be undertaken after the review of the clients history, the current symptoms, assessment of the physical status and other psychiatric issues like depression and anxiety (Ayelet, 2001). Such review would help the medical practitioner to ascertain the level of medication required and whether inpatient or outpatient attention is necessary. The treatment should address the underlying psychological, interpersonal and cultural forces contributing to the weight loss. Ayelet (2009) explains that eating disorder could be attributed to social factors. My client informed me that she recognized herself as criticized, neglected, isolated and insecure in her family. On the other hand, Ayelet (2001) explains that she suffered from heavy cramps during her first period and realized that loosing weight was a successful way to prevent both painful periods and growing up. Nutritional Counseling and Support Groups Nutritional counseling provides a good opportunity for the patients to understand the importance of good eating behaviors and to incorporate such behaviors in their daily life. Of importance is also the formation of support groups to offer advice on appropriate eating habits. Sturmey (2009) asserted that good nutritional treatment should not only target eating behavior itself but also the behaviors that are related to eating. Family and group support is very necessary in treatment of this disorder. Ayelet (2001) asserted that persons with anorexia require a supportive family where they could discuss openly their feelings and concerns. They also need to share their experiences and problems to those who share the same problems and are undergoing treatment. Medical Monitoring Medical treatment may be required to treat severe weight loss and other serious mental or physical health symptoms such as heart disorders, depressions. The Nurse Blog 2009 reports that Anorexia may cause serious medical complications like malnutrition, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in the body. The result of such complications may lead to serious health complications and conditions like bowel disease, heart failure anemia and even infertility. Thus, regular medical monitoring is a necessity in the treatment of this condition. Challenges in Implementation of the Medical Plan Further, it should be noted that any behavioral change process may result into other problems which may require medical attention (Ayelet, 2001). For instance, clients may develop harmful physiological effects, resistance, social isolation and extreme depressive moods which if not monitored may result to resistance, medical complications and even death. My client may develop resistance to nutritional advice and support groups and family counseling. Conclusion This paper has discussed the biopsychosocial assessment of a client suffering from anorexia disorder. It has found out that anorexia is a condition of unexplained weight loss due to starvation. It also involves a severe disturbance of the body image and a general fear by the patient of weight gain (obesity). While discussing this condition, the paper has prioritized on the symptoms of the disorder, the strengths of the patients and has finally presented a treatment plan. The treatment plan highlighted addresses both the symptoms and the destructive eating habits. It attempts to look at the root cause of the problem, whether triggered by emotional, social or biological factors that lead to disordered eating. This paper also takes cognizance of the fact that any treatment plan should first be discussed with the anorexia client before it is implemented. This is due to the other conditions that may arise from an attempt to change behavior and emotions. 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How Reporters Get Quotes for Their News Stories

How Reporters Get Quotes for Their News Stories So you’ve done a long interview with a source, you have pages of notes, and you’re ready to write. But chances are you’ll only be able to fit a few quotes from that lengthy interview into your article. Which ones should you use? Reporters often talk about using only â€Å"good† quotes for their stories, but what does this mean? What Is a Good Quote? Broadly speaking, a good quote is when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way. Look at the following two examples: â€Å"We will use U.S. military force in an appropriate and decisive manner.† â€Å"When I take action, I’m not going to fire a $2 million missile at a $10 empty tent and hit a camel in the butt. It’s going to be decisive.† Which is the better quote? Let’s consider this by asking a broader question: What should a good quote do? Grab the Reader’s Attention Using our two examples, it’s clear the first quote is dry and academic-sounding. It sounds like a sentence taken from a particularly dull research paper or dissertation. The second quote, on the other hand, is colorful and even funny. Evoke Images A good quote, like good writing, evokes images in the reader’s mind. Using our two examples, it’s clear the first quote evokes nothing. But the second quote evokes a bizarre image that’s bound to stick in the reader’s brain – a camel being hit in the posterior with an expensive, high-tech missile. Convey a Sense of the Speaker’s Personality Our first quote leaves no impression of who the speaker might be. Indeed, it sounds more like a scripted line from an anonymous Pentagon press release. The second quote, however, gives the reader a feel for the personality of the speaker – in this case, President George Bush. The reader gets a sense of both Bush’s determination and his penchant for off-the-cuff humor. Convey Regional Differences in Speech Looking again at our first quote, can you discern where the speaker was raised? Of course not. But one could argue that Bush’s quote, with its salty humor and coarse imagery, contains some of the colors of his Texas upbringing. A reporter I worked with once covered a tornado in the Deep South. He interviewed victims of the twister and in his story contained a quote that included the phrase, â€Å"I tell you what.† That’s a phrase you’re only likely to hear in the South, and by putting it in his story, the reporter gave readers a feel for the region and the people affected by the storm. A good reporter could do the same thing in any area with distinctive patterns of speech, from the South Bronx to the upper Midwest to East Los Angeles. Given everything we’ve discussed, it seems clear the second of our two examples is by far the better quote. So what makes a bad quote? Unclear Speech Anytime someone says something in an unclear or unintelligible fashion, chances are you’re not going to use that as a quote. In such cases, if the information contained in the quote is important to your story, paraphrase it – put it into your own words. In fact, reporters often must paraphrase much of what they gather in interviews because many people simply don’t speak very clearly. People don’t craft their speech the way a writer crafts a sentence. Basic Factual Data If you’re interviewing a source who’s giving you reams of data, such as numbers or statistics, that kind of information should be paraphrased. There’s simply no point in quoting, for instance, the CEO who tells you his company’s revenues increased 3 percent in the second quarter, 5 percent in the third quarter and so on. It may be important for your story, but it’s boring as a quote. Profane or Offensive Speech Most mainstream news organizations have policies banning or limiting the use of vulgar or offensive speech in news stories. So, for example, if a source you’re interviewing starts swearing profusely, or uttering racial slurs, you’re probably not going to be able to quote them. An exception to that rule might be if the profane or offensive speech serves some larger purpose in your story. For instance, if you’re profiling your town’s mayor, and he has a reputation for salty language, you might use part of a profane quote in your story to show that, indeed, the man likes to cuss.

Importance of Accurate Bloodstain Spatter Analysis in Crime Scene Research Paper

Importance of Accurate Bloodstain Spatter Analysis in Crime Scene Investigations - Research Paper Example Due to the certification of more technicians, a lot of information on the shape of bloodstain is being used in the conclusion of crime events. Blood stain pattern analysis is the assessment of the nature, position, and distribution pattern of bloodstains that should enable an investigator to deduce the physical actions that took place at the scene. The outcomes obtained from the analysis give extra information to medical practitioners when determining the time the victim died. Certified bloodstain pattern analysts are normally used in offering explanations on blood spatter patterns and supplementary verifications at the crime scenes. This assists in the disclosure of vital exploratory information; like the positions of the casualty, the attacker, the items at the scene; the weapon that created the spatter and the number of blows, blast, or stabs the victim received. It can also be used to agree or contradict the report the wounded, suspects or observers give, hence ensuring that an i nnocent person is not condemned. Basically, inert bloodstains are as a result of the gravitational pull. They are normally evident on the various surfaces like the floor, wall, or the clothing. In carrying out crime Scene investigation therefore, documentation of all stains must be done. During blood stain pattern analysis, investigators always apply the physics, mathematics, and trigonometry laws, which assist the investigators to acquire information which enables them to determine the actions that took place; the individuals who were there, and the authenticity of the self defense declaration of the alleged doer. In the crime scene, there may be numerous areas with blood spatters. Identification of all locations with blood spatters and carrying out the necessary analysis is therefore vital. Moreover, after the scene has been documented, the resolution of the course and succession of actions enables the CIS in laying strategies for the collection of blood samples from the most rati onal sites. When careful analysis of the scene is done, accurate representative blood samples will be presented to the crime laboratory for analysis. Introduction Blood pattern analysis assists investigators in the determination of the source of the blood, the distance through which the blood traveled before landing, the form and the bearing of the force that caused the blood stain, the object used to produce the bloodstain, and the position of the casualty and the attacker during and after the bloodshed. Normally small blood spatters are as a result of a lot of force having been used. In order to obtain accurate results, blood pattern analysts must be careful in doing the assessments. Blood spatter as evidence Due to the gravitational pull, the shape of a free falling drop of blood is spherical. The force of gravity results in surface tension which makes the blood molecules to adhere on one another. Due to surface tension, the distance through which the drop of blood falls does not affect the spherical shape (Chisum & Turvey 374). The drop of blood will only break after hitting another surface or when force is exerted on it. When a blood drop hits an impermeable, smooth, and firm surface for instance floor tile, the probability of it forming a spatter in minimal. Freely dipping blood forms huge circular stains. Rough surfaces interfere with the surface tension of the blood drops, thus resulting in spatters and uneven stains having serrated edges. Presentation of precise

Essay( critical analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

( critical analysis) - Essay Example This is one of the arguments presented by Frost inn the contradiction between two neighbors in the poem. "We keep the wall between us as we go. To each the boulders that have fallen to each." (15.16). It is a compulsive habit that human beings possess, the need to be close to something or someone yet still keeping a distance as some sort of breathing ground. The wall so to speak is built bigger and stronger in time. To shed away from the pains that might be brought by an unwarranted closeness. In the same way, pieces of the enclosure crumble one way or another. The poem deliberates on the persona of the poem with the use of the first person. It represents a conflict within between two neighbors, one who sees the importance in creating a barrier between them and the other who perceives that such wall and the effort exerted toward the building of it is unnecessary (Deutsch, 474). This lies in parallel to a closely related expression, too close for comfort. As everyone wants to build lasting and true relationships but no one can fully say that each of these connections are truly honest and that all impediments have been eradicated to commit to such a deep level of connection. It is like one of the neighbors on the poem who continues to build the fence as a way of preventing direct neighborly contact. Why do people build barriers? This is one good question that Frost dared ask in his poem, "Before I built a wall Id ask to know. What I was walling in or walling out" (33.34). And one gets to thinking, what it is really, is it because we fear that anyone may dwell and ruin the privacy of our home, or is it because one is afraid that an unacceptable part of him gains liberty to free itself of inhibition. Maybe, when one contemplates about it, it is a combination of both. In a literal interpretation, people are afraid to eliminate all boundaries between all his relationships as

Stakeholders for BP (British Petroleum) Essay Example for Free

Stakeholders for BP (British Petroleum) Essay The diagram below (Figure 1.1) is a representation of some of the multifaceted relationships between BP and its publics/stakeholders. It is clear that the assortment of communication channels used to reach key publics is somewhat diverse. Whilst consumers and investors are perhaps most likely to be the primary focus, these two groups are highly influenced by surrounding interrelated groups and channels and generally rely on these sources (not the company) for accurate information. Environmental and other similar lobbying groups are always a concern for oil companies such as BP. It was in fact a combination of such groups and media coverage that led BP to withdraw financial support from Arctic Power: a proposed oil drilling project in Alaska a region in which oil projects will always be shadowed by the ghost of the Exxon Valdez. Chappell (BP Spokesman) cited in Gerth said of the situation Were leaving this to the American public to sort out. BP would perhaps have benefited from having a more primary two-way communication channel with environmental groups such as Greenpeace and the WWF. They would then be able to preempt any unfavourable circumstances and can structure their PR efforts accordingly. In contrast, they can use the media to maximise any good relations with environmental bodies. The benefit of this can be seen in the 1995 situation with Shells disused Brent Spar storage platform which Greenpeace successfully campaigned to have dismantled  instead of sunk (after much debate and physical protest) (http://www.uyseg.org/risked/pages/spar/spar_index.htm). Veer (cited in Einsiedel 2002, p. 11) stated: Initially, Brent Spar for example, was a classic example of what I term the old- fashioned DAD approach to decision-making Decide, Announce, Defend. Genuine dialogue however, requires companies to adopt the DDD approach Dialogue, Decide, Deliver. DDD is an attempt to come to terms with the realities of a new show me world. The days when people trusted business and government to take decisions on their behalf are over. Today, its no longer enough for companies to simply say trust me. Companies are in the spotlight as never before. The show me world has already had profound implications for the way in which Shell and other companies conduct business. Since 1995 Shell has hired PR consultants to help evaluate past incidents and current situations. This strategy has now transformed into a reputation for social responsibility that extends throughout the global Shell network and has certainly placed the company as top performer in this area for the oil industry. This kind of attitude eventually also translates to positive conditions for investors. Through sustainable development we integrate the economic, environmental and societal aspects of our business to achieve sustained financial success, safeguard our environment and develop our reputation as partner and provider of first choice for all of our stakeholders. Sustrainable development is not just about the environment and social concerns; its very much about economic performance too. For these reasons it makes good business sense (www.shell.com 2003).

Mans Eternal Search for Affection Explored in The Hunchback of Notre D

Victor Hugo penned a fantastic, picturesque story of passion and the human spirit in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The dramatic emotions of the characters play out on the stage of fifteenth century Paris, France. Quasimodo, a repugnant physical defect of nature, lived severed from human contact, excepting that of the solemnly aloof priest, Claude Frollo. For his part, Frollo strove for knowledge until he encountered the captivatingly gorgeous gypsy dancer, Esmeralda. She existed solely to adore an arrogant captain of the King's Archers, named Phoebus de Chateaupers, for saving her from being kidnapped. Enticed by Esmeralda's dancing to the depths of his being, Frollo outwardly denounced her as a sacrilegious sorceress, but his body raged for her out of lust, accounting for his repeated attempts at having her prohibited from dancing near the cathedral, or stolen away. Esmeralda, furiously in love with Phoebus, nearly sacrificed her virtue to gain his heart, before Frollo gravely wounde d him. Tortured into confessing witchcraft and condemned to die by a court with church officials, the gypsy enchantress obtained sanctuary in Notre Dame cathedral, rescued from the hangman's noose by Quasimodo. At this point, Frollo attempted to claim Esmeralda's merciful and virtuous heartfelt forgiveness for his passion, failing miserably because his efforts appeared feeble and lascivious. Frollo and Esmeralda perished, however, after a storming of the cathedral and gruesome battle, dying sacrifices on the altar of human emotion. How emotion may exist in a studious and solemn man, having only acquired knowledge of books for a score of years, seems impossible. But desire for Esmeralda arrived after Frollo had â€Å"discovered that a man needs affection ... ...her temptation had accomplished this; therefore her cruel effect must have been fate. As she awaited death, one character noticed the incidence of destiny when she remarked that â€Å"‘God has it all written down in His book'† (182). One aspect of Victor Hugo's work, his revelations of themes, philosophies, and morals through humorous characters, seems reminiscent of Sir Walter Scott's usage of a comparable pretext. Through the philosopher/poet, Gringoire, Hugo presents a moral that â€Å"‘the temptations of the flesh are pernicious and malignant'† (276). Certainly there exists some truth to this supposition on a central idea of the novel, the animosity stirred by mortal sensitivity, that during man's eternal search for affection--even when he possesses it, he still craves more. WORKS CITED Hugo, Victor. Notre Dame de Paris. Paris, France. (publisher unknown). 1831.

Nodody Won Essay

Abstract When the Arthur Andersen LLP/Enron scandal surfaced in 2001, there was much confusion as to whom committed what crime and how many employees were actually involved. After the facts and criminal charges were final, the sequence of events makes sense; the union of two companies, the rise of the participating executives, and finally the end of the money ride. The leaders of both companies used dishonesty to make an abundant amount of money and gain power status (Thomas 2002). Christopher Bergland said it best when he wrote, â€Å"Karma is a boomerang and the long-term shame and anxiety of cheating will ultimately negate the short-term gains of victory,† . This definitely held true for the employees who were disgraced at the conclusion of the legal proceedings; they may have had more money than they needed, but they ultimately lost in the end. The Beginning The joining between Arthur Andersen LLP and Enron was a marriage too good to be true . The relationship started in 1986 when Enron hired the accounting firm Arthur Andersen LLP to perform â€Å"creative accounting,† allowing the energy company to appear more powerful on paper than it really was . Enron Corporation started investing massive amounts of money in â€Å"Special Purpose Entities† to generate huge amounts of revenues. Special Purpose Entities are creative ways for companies to more efficiently raise debt, but they also make it tougher for investors to decipher a company’s actual debt exposure . Company Backgrounds Both companies were built on determination, dedication, and hard work. The founder, Arthur Andersen, who was orphaned at the age of 16, worked as a mailboy during the day and attended school at night. By the age of 23, he became the youngest CPA in Illinois. A mere five years later he started his own accounting firm . The same mind set Andersen possessed in his teen years carried over to his adult life. He realized the key to his business succeeding was by â€Å"†¦promoting integrity and sound audits†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Enron was founded on the same characteristics plus a few others: pride, arrogance, and greed. Kenneth Lay wanted to have the largest money making company he could and succeeded by pushing for deregulation of the power industry. In 1985, Mr. Lay took advantage of the government’s decision to let gas prices fluctuate/float with the currents of the market. By doing this, Enron grew from 10 billion to 65 billion in assets in 16 years . Lay had visions of what he wanted Enron to be and then sold them to his staff. Hitting it Big In order for a new idea to be successful, a leader with self-assurance and confidence must be present. Mr. Lay found these qualities present in Jeffrey Skilling and hired him as a Chief Executive Officer. Skilling believed in the survival of the fittest. He had an opinion that money is the only incentive that motivated people and he created a competitive, ruthless, and cutthroat workplace. Skilling implemented the Performance Review Committee. Performance Review Committee, or PRC, is an employee evaluation system which graded workers from 1-5, 5 being the lowest and resulting in dismissal from the company. The Enron staff knew it better as â€Å"rank and yank† . One employee who was a trader was quoted saying, â€Å"†¦if I can get a $5 million bonus for stepping on someone’s toes, I’ll stomp on their throat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Both companies worked hard to build a reputation. Andersen expected all of his staff to be honest and always to put the client’s needs in front of their own agenda unless it involved falsifying documentations. Early in the company’s beginning, Mr. Andersen was faced with a moral decision concerning fabricating records for a client. Andersen, with his integrity intact, refused . The firm continued with the â€Å"think straight and talk straight† tradition after the death of Andersen and through the transition of promoted employee Leonard Spacek .With Spacek at the controls, the company continued to thrive while remaining committed to the regimented management style of the founder . Offices were opened throughout the United States, then ultimately around the world. At this point, the firm started consulting as well as offering audits. Under Spacek’s supervision, Arthur Andersen LLP became one the most prominent accounting firms labeling them as one of the â€Å"Big Five† . The company grew so immensely that Spacek had to turn down clients. Enron had the same growth spurt as Andersen. In a few short years, the company became the seventh largest corporation. It was touted as being led by the best and the brightest . Ken Lay, Cliff Baxter, Jeff Skilling, and Lou Pi were men who thought they were unstoppable. These ruthless leaders took huge risks in order to make money. They were failing miserably, but Ken Lay reported otherwise to the public. He said in news conferences that Enron was thriving and prospering because of his staff’s willingness to take risks. With the growing of both firms, it was evident that structural changes were needed. Structural Changes at Andersen The client load for Andersen was becoming too much for just one company. It was evident that balancing the commitment to auditing while adding a consulting practice was so much of a struggle that Arthur Andersen LLP decided to create another division within the company. In the mid-1980’s, the majority of Andersen’s revenues were being generated from the consulting fees, but were still being dispersed with the accounting side . This caused a strain between the two parties. The consultants felt since they were contributing more to the company their salaries should be increased. The only solution was to change the current organizational structure and create two divisions. Andersen Consulting along with Arthur Andersen LLP became subunits of Andersen Worldwide Organization . Spacek, like his predecessor, was a leader who liked to be seen by his staff, was well informed of business dealings, and continued to encourage honesty. Being decentralized allowed the decision-making to be made by the divisions, branches, departments, or subsidiaries . Both parts of Andersen Worldwide Organization could operate however they chose and make their own decisions, including which clients they took on. Ultimately, it was the accounting division that took on Enron. How the Two Companies Fit Enron officials knew that Andersen had made some questionable decisions in the past and were coming off of a quiet lawsuit that involved some â€Å"creative accounting† . Andersen fit the profile that Skilling knew he needed in order for his visions to work. With Andersen being divided up into two divisions, Spacek could not control what was happening in both sides of the firm. Lay, on the other hand, knew exactly what his executives were doing . Enron hired the accounting firm to make the energy company to appear more powerful on paper than it really was . Enron Corporation started investing massive amounts of money in â€Å"Special Purpose Entities† to generate huge amounts of revenues. Special Purpose Entities are creative ways for companies to more efficiently raise debt, but they also make it tougher for investors to decipher a company’s actual debt exposure . They were also using mark-to-market to book potential future profits regardless of actual money. Profits were whatever Enron said they were based on hypothetical future value or HFV. Mike Muckleroy, a former Enron executive, warned Mr. Lay of the risks associated with betting on the oil market, but Lay did not change any policies or procedures. In fact, he approved of the current behaviors. Lay sent out a memo to his executives saying to keep up the good work. As long as money was being made, he chose to ignore the dishonesty. The money ride came to a sudden halt in 2001. For approximately sixteen years, Arthur Andersen LLP would audit Enron’s financial statements. Not only would the accounting firm provide external audit services, but also handle the internal auditing processes as well. As Enron’s revenues dramatically increased year after year, the paperwork and audit information had to match accordingly. Enron needed Arthur Andersen’s employees to make the visual parallel happen and compensated them millions of dollars for their services. At one time, Arthur Andersen LLP had approximately one hundred people assigned distinctively to Enron. There had become such a significant amount of work that accounting offices were designated for the accounting employees and staff was transferred to Enron’s headquarters in Houston. Eventually, the responsibility of Enron’s Chicago and London locations were added to their caseloads making Enron one of Arthur Andersen LLP’s largest clients worldwide . Pump-n-Dump Top leaders in both firms were making an obscene amount of money. An anonymous tip was given to authorities about former President of Enron, Louis Borget. It was said he had taken over three million dollars of corporate funds and put it into his own account, and that was just the beginning. Enron reported a loss in the third quarter earnings at the same time as a reduction of stockholder equity. Former CEO Jeff Skiing, current CEO Kenneth Lay, and other executives started to sell large amounts of Enron stock as prices dropped from $90 to less than a dollar; this practice was called â€Å"pump-n-dump† . This scheme allowed top executives to push the stock prices up then cash in their multimillion dollar options. Lou Pi was the leader for Enron Energy Services at the time and after he sold his stock using this method, he made profited $250 million . Selling of this much stock gained attention of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission which led to an investigation. It was apparent that a divorce, a trial, and probably prison time was in the near future for Arthur Andersen LLP and Enron leaders who were involved. No matter what the outcome of the trial was going to be, the once impeccable Arthur Andersen and powerhouse Enron were doomed companies because the damage had already been done. Crumbling Companies Andersen’s company, once led by an honest, visible leader who was filled with integrity by making ethical choices was now being led by greedy, selfish executives who saw dollar signs instead of morals. Andersen’s reputation was ruined and finding clients was going to be next to impossible because of the publicity the scandal received. David Duncan who was responsible for the Enron audit, was fired by Arthur Andersen LLP for mass destruction of Enron documents and Enron relieved Arthur Andersen LLP of all accounting and auditing duties . Even though Arthur Andersen pled not guilty to the charges brought against them, the final decision of the courts was Arthur Andersen LLP was found guilty of obstruction of justice and received five years probation, had to pay a $500,000 fine, lost their license in the state of Texas, and ceased their auditing services. Resulting in a devastating loss of clientele and over 7,000 workers had to find new jobs . More people were affected by Enron’s outcome than that of Arthur Andersen’s. After the investigation, Enron filed bankruptcy, over 20,000 people lost jobs, many officials served a prison sentence, and shareholders lost tens of billions of dollars . As officials dug deeper into the scam, recovered documents and many of the testimonies revealed many banks were guilty as well. Bank employees detailed how the banks engineered fake transactions to keep billions of dollars of debt off Enron’s balance sheet and create the illusion of increasing earnings and operating cash flow . As a result, stricter accounting laws regarding audits were later passed by the SEC . Conclusion In this situation, having a leader who exhibits good judgment, morals, ethical conduct, and integrity can strengthen an alliance within a work place. When Arthur Andersen and Leonard Spacek were the supervisors, Arthur Andersen LLP was a major company with a flawless reputation that was completely shattered by a few employees who did not exemplify such characteristics as the former leaders. Arthur Andersen LLP split into two separate divisions, which I think was the correct move because the company was growing and the current staff could not handle the clientele load. In order for the split to work, though, both units needed supervisors like what the company was founded on; managers who could be trusted and held accountable. If I was a partner in Andersen and realized what was being committed, I would have tried to put an end to it. Maybe if someone had the gumption to stand up for what was right, many jobs could have been saved and investor’s money would not have been lost. Enron, on the other hand, was dishonest from the beginning and it was only a matter of time before the leaders were caught of wrong doings. Enron, in my opinion, was being led by the inspiring leaders with excellent leadership skills and work ethics; they just did not have the morals to go with it. Mr. Borget was the first to get caught; Ken Lay was aware of Borget’s actions, but ignored it because he was not incriminated or even suspected yet, but as history reveals, his time was coming . Finally several years later, Lay and his associates received their forthcoming. In the 2001 trial, Ken Lay was charged with 11 criminal acts. Jeff Skilling was sentenced to prison and to this day still claims he did nothing wrong, Cliff Baxter committed suicide before he was to appear in court, and Lou Pi lost 6 million in an insurance policy from the corporation, but never saw any jail time . Had Andersen Worldwide Organization declined on Enron’s business proposal, the accounting firm may have continued to grow and possibly dominate the number’s world. From my point of view, this scandal was a lose-lose situation to everybody involved, from entry level positions all the way up to Chief Executive Officers. Enron became a major power-house in sixteen years and only took 24 days to collapse and go bankrupt . A devastating ending to both firms; several criminal charges were filed against numerous employees, hearings were held, and the companies which were built on ambition and drive were destroyed and are no longer are in existence. In this case, nobody won. References Answers. (2012). Retrieved from Advantages and disadvantages of centralization and decentralization?: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_centralization_and_decentralization BBC. (2003). The Enron Affair. Retrieved from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/business/2002/enron/ Bergland, C. (2012). Cheater’s Never Win. Psychology Today. Brickley, J., Smith, C. & Zimmerman, J. (2009). Managerial Economis and Organizational Architecture (5th Ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Byrne, T. (2002). Special- Purpose Entities Are Often A Clever Way to Raise Debt Levels. Retrieved from nyu.edu: http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/articles/specpurpentity.htm Findlaw. (2003). Indictment (US v. Arthur Andersen, LLP). Retrieved from News: http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/enron/usandersen030702ind.html FundingUniverse. (2005). Anderson History. Retrieved from FundingUniverse: http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/andersen-history/ Geller, R. (2002). Background of the Banks’ Role in the Enron Debacle. Retrieved from The Enron Fraud: http://www.enronfraud.com/ Gibney, A. (Director). (2004). Enron-Smartest Guys in the Room [Motion Picture]. Houston Chronicle. (2002, April 19). Hot Topic Anderson. Houston Chronicle. Investopedia. (2011). The Enron Collapse: A Look back. Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/The-Enron-Collapse-A-Look-Back.aspx#axzz23riaPOrn NewsHour. (2002). Enron: After the Collapse. Retrieved from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/enron/player6.html Thomas, W. (2002). The Rise and Fall of Enron. Retrieved from Journal of Accountancy: http://www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2002/Apr/TheRiseAndFallOfEnron.htm Wikipedia. (2012). Arthur Anderson. Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Andersen

Sdasad

Ramadan Ibrahimi Marketing Project November 10, 2012 Peja Beer in Monaco Introduction. With more than 300 days a year of sunshine, residents in Monaco can take advantage of the Mediterranean, and all of its seaside activities. Monaco's close proximity to the Southern Alps, which are only 1 hour away by car, allows for easy access to go for skiing. Monaco is one of the richest and a country with the lowest poverty throughout the world. But, after many researches that I have done, there is just one brewery throughout Monaco. If Peja beer would started to be exported from Peja, Kosovo to Principality of Monaco.But, if it will start to be exported, it should change its quality to higher quality and to make it more expensive to be successful. I am going to make also a Marketing plan how the things are going to work and if it will be able to exported to the Monaco, or even to open a Brewery right there. Brief discussion of the country’s relevant history For centuries, Monaco it is k nown as one of the countries that have been under the King and Princes, starting from the Henry VI, till the Prince that is ruling nowadays called Albert II. All of the Monaco Princes and Kings were absolute rulers.Monaco was part of the Italy until 1814,but in this year the French Revolution happened, and it became part of the France. Now it is an independent country. Geographical setting Monaco is a sovereign city state, with 5 Quartiers and 10 Wards, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. It is bordered by France on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is around 16 km away from Italy and around 13Km from Nice, France. It is the secondly smallest country in the world, and most densely populated country throughout the world. Monaco's total area is 2. 05Â  km2. FamilyMarriage is an important family event, Church weddings, held according to Roman Catholic traditions, are popular. A civil ceremony, held at the city hall, is also required even when a religious ceremony is organized. Some couples choose only to have the civil ceremony. . When the Father or the Major of the family dies, his kids inherit all of his wealth. Education Education in Monaco is compulsory from ages of six to sixteen. Monaco has around ten state operated schools, seven nursery and primary schools, one secondary school. It has also two private schools, and one international school.There is just one university running in Monaco, it is called International University of Monaco (IUM) an English language college, it is specialized in Business and Education. Political System Due to its small population and unique economic situation, Monaco does not face many of the social problems that larger countries must deal, such as violent crime and poverty. After going through a period of economic growth and industrial development following World War II, a primary concern is to make a better life for its population, try to attract new investments and to stay economical ly stable.Current social problems include managing industrial growth and tourism, environmental concerns, and maintaining the quality of life. Alcoholism and illegal drug use are present but not widespread. Monaco has a very low crime rate, in part due to the high number of law enforcement. Widespread use of security cameras throughout the principality also further discourage open criminal activity. Excluding private security, there are around 400 permanent police officers, 95 percent of them are french. The independence of the judges is guaranteed by constitution. Monaco, simply it is a stabilized economical country.Legal system Monaco legal organization includes all degrees of jurisdiction: a Court of First Instance, a Court of Appeal, a Higher Court of Appeal and a Criminal Court. There are also tribunals with specific competence, such as the Work Tribunal, the Rent Arbitration Commission, and the Higher Arbitration Court, for collective work disputes. The Supreme Court is at the top of the principality's legal organization. Even though Monaco is not a member of the European Union, Monaco also has strong ties to France, which has more liberal polices in these areas.Thus there is a mixture of both conservative and liberal attitudes in Monaco. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons in Monaco may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Monaco, when conducted in private between consenting adults. Cross-dressing is likewise not expressly illegal, but the law does not allow for transgender people to change their identity after gender reassignment surgery. Abortion in Monaco is only allowed in cases of rape, fetal deformity or illness, or fatal danger to the mother.Social Organizations Monaco's population is unusual in that the native Monegasques are a minority in their own country comprising 21. 6% of the population. The largest group are French nationals at 28. 4%, followed by Monegasque (21. 6%), Italian (18. 7%), British (7. 5%), Belgian (2. 8%), German (2. 5%), Swiss (2. 5%) and US nationals (1. 2%). Naturalized citizens of Monaco are called Monacans, while Monegasque is the proper term for describing someone who was born in Monaco. Religion and belief systems The official religion in Monaco is Roman Catholic. 2% of the population is Catholics, 12%are without religion, and in small percentage are Judaists and Muslims. Monaco it is one of the favorite places to export the beer or to open a brewery there, because number of Muslims is toosmall, and that wouldn’t bring any big problem for the company. Aesthetics Monaco it is also known for its beauty. One of the most beautiful parts of Monaco is Monte-Carlo. In Monte-Carlo are included: Cathedral of Monaco, Statue of Franqois Grimaldi, and many other aesthetics that attract tourists throughout the world.Diet and Nutrition Most of the Monaco’s population prefer to eat the Italian and French food. Also Monaco it is Known of its delicious sea food. Proximity to the sea has led to the popularity of sea food in Monaco. Fish forms an important part of the diet of the Monaco people, and feature prominently in Monaco recipes. Furthermore, some of the best Monaco restaurants serve traditional Monaco delicacies, which are absolute delights for the taste buds. Housing Monaco’s families are likely same as in the most powerful countries in Europe.But what makes it different from the others, is that when the king of the family(father) is dead, his oldest son inherits all of his wealth. They live in modern houses, modern buildings and are known as a country with joy in the family. Recreation, Sports and other leisure activities Monaco it is also known for its big influence in most of the sports. But the three most important events and sports are: Football, Monaco Grand Prix, and Monte Carlo Rally. Also there are somes ports that are not too famous in Monaco such as: Monaco M arathon, Rugby, ATP Tennis etc.If the Peja Company would agree to make advertisements during these important events, that would really grab attention to most of the people and it may help the company to export its product in many other countries. Health Care Monaco has an excellent standard of compulsory state funded healthcare. Medical staff are extremely well trained and healthcare in Monaco is available to all citizens, registered long-term residents and those citizens from France and Italy who can prove that they have paid their healthcare contributions in one of these countries.Private healthcare is also available in the country. The Caisses Sociales de Monaco (CSM) oversee the health service and all citizens are entitled by law to equal access to healthcare. Official Language(s) The official language of Monaco is French, but there are several languages spoken including Monegasque, English, Italian, Occitan and Dutch. Most of the Monaco’s population speaks French with a percentage about 50. There is just one difference in the French-Monaco dialectMonegasque (natively Munegascu) is a dialect of the modern Ligurian language, spoken in Monaco.Population Monaco’s population is 36,371, making Monaco the second smallest, and the most densely populated country in the world. United Nations showed that the Monaco’s population in the 2015 will be around thirty eight thousand. The average of deaths per 1000 people in Monaco is around 8. 52 bigger than the number of births that is 6. 85 births/1,000 population. Distribution of Population As the Monaco is the second smallest country in the world, the population is spread throughout of it. Most of the density got Monte Carlo. Gross national product Monaco is in 175 place about gross and national product with 1. 1 billion in dollars. Though official economic statistics are not published, year 2011 estimates place the national product at $6. 888 billion and the world's highest per capita income is $1 86,175. The unemployment rate is 0%, as of 2011. Working Conditions Economic prosperity and the proportionally large number of jobs available, along with the government's sensitivity to safety and environmental protection, create favorable working conditions in the principality. The unemployment rate, compared to French and EU standards, is very low at 3. 1 percent in 1998. No major labor unrest has been reported recently.Major Industries:Â  Banking, Ceramics, Chemicals, Construction, Electronics, Gambling, Metal Works, Perfumes, Plastics, Printing, Precision Instruments, Textiles, Tourism. Trade Restrictions – There are no trade restrictions in Monaco. Extent of the economic activity not included in cash income activities From the late 19th century Monaco economy began to develop tremendously with the opening of casinos. The magnificent charm of casinos, hotel industry and the beauty of natural surroundings all these have made tourism to develop very strongly here which is a major source of revenue generating trade for Monaco.Apart from this the complete lack of income tax has prompted many companies of foreign countries to invest here and enjoy the benefits. Labor force – Labor force in Monaco is 49300 including all the workers from the foreign countries. Inflation rate (consumer prices):Â  1. 5% (2010),Current technology available – Monaco is one of the strongest countries in Europe, includingto their workers the latest machineries, tools and everything that is needed per work.Retailers – If you chose to go for shopping in Monaco, it is clear that you are going to find Everything that you need out there, starting from Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Versace, Ralph Lauren, Breitling, Armani etc. So if you have some cash to spend, this is one of the best countries to shop. Warehousing – Warehousing will be kept by the Monaco Group that runs in Monaco. Media – There is just one television existing in Monaco, and it is called t he TMC(TV Monte Carlo)Costs – To publish a 15 second advertisement in Monaco in the TMC television you need to pay Around 60k per month.Percentage reached by TMC – In 2010 there were 22. 982 people that regularly watched the TMC. TMC is the only available television in Monaco. The Product The product as I mentioned earlier is the Peja Beer. If it is possible, it will be exported to Monaco. I think that it is well intended product regarding that in Monaco exists only one Brewery. If Peja beer will be exported right there, definitely is going to be a big deal for the company. Peja is the most sold Beer in Kosovo, and it plays a big role in the market.There is no reason not to be successful also in the international market. Regarding to the Peja Beer is not very high qualitative beer, many things needs to be improved. Firstly, the Peja beer needs to improve the quality of its beer, because the Monaco standard is very high. Secondly, its quality needs to challenge the bigg est beer exports in Monaco such as: Heineken, Becks, Corona, Singha etc. Finally, the Peja beer bottles needs an improvement and needs to be more attractive to the people who see it. The bottles should be different and more colorful to make people buy it, and try it.Major Problems One of the major problems about the Peja beer exporting in Monaco are Taxes. The Taxes in Monaco are very high, approximately one of the countries with the highest taxes in Europe. This problem will lead the company to many problems including financial problems. Also another major problem is the Marketing. To do a simple advertisement on TMC costs a lot of money. This is also a major problem because without advertising the Peja beer, it will be very hard to be successful in the Monaco’s Market.These two are the biggest issues that are following the company right now. The Market The market where the Peja beer is going to be sold is: small markets, markets and huge supermarkets. Also we will try to ma ke a deal with the biggest supermarket running in the Monte Carlo called Fontvieille. I hope there is going to be also availability in the Fontviellie and in other small supermarkets to make a promotion and give people the Peja beer to try it. Also there is another big supermarket called Carrefour, and we will try to do the same thing also here with promotion.

Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essays

Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essays Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essay Budgets An explanation of the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control in Name It Ltd Essay Fixed costs are costs that the business have to pay that dont change over a short period of time. As the product sale or service increases the costs stay the same. The same amount is paid regardless of the level of production. Fixed costs can include: the rent charge, electricity bills, gas bills, telephone bills, advertising costs or insurance prices. Variable Costs Variable costs are costs that they business have to pay but it is possible that they will change as the output increases. Variable costs can include: raw materials, delivery costs or packaging costs. Break-Even: Businesses should aim to break even to ensure they are going to survive in the future. Break-even is where the business doesnt make enough sales to make a profit but they make enough sales to avoid making a loss. The point of break-even is shown on a graph that businesses produce to see how well they are doing financially. The below diagram shows a break-even chart. bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/finance/profitabilityrev2.shtml To calculate break-even: Break-even point = fixed costs (unit selling price variable costs) The calculation of break-even tells you how many units of a product you will need to sell in order to break-even. Budgets A budget is like a plan that businesses make. They plan it on their predictions of what they think is going to happen for them in future months / years and is a estimate of expected income and expense for a a certain period in time. It gives the business an idea of their financial situation and helps them to track their money. Name It Ltd use budgets for several reasons, these reasons include: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Name It Ltd will have enough money to buy in enough supplies for their sales because they wouldve been tracking their money income and outcome. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Suppliers give discounts when a business pay them on time, having a budget will allow Name It Ltd to be able to afford to pay straight away. Paying on time also helps Name It Ltd to avoid paying interest, getting a bad credit rating and possible bankruptcy. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ They will be able to save money for the use of retained profit if they have a bad month. They will also be able to save money for contingencies. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ They will have enough money to make investments if that is what they need to do. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Budgeting will also help Name It Ltd to expand and develop their business in the future. What control / budget does Name It Ltd need to do? Name It Ltd need to control and budget their spending. They need to keep a track off all money that is going out of the business. These expenses could include staff wages, rent for their offices or other buildings, and raw materials. They also need to keep a track of any of their income, for example sales made. Name It Ltd also need to take into account any money they will have coming in or going out of the business in future months. They need to set themselves a maximum amount of money to spend each month so they dont run into debt. Variance Calculations Variance calculations are the difference between the budget a business had set and what actually happened in practice. Name It Ltd have variances in their budgets. I will give some examples. Name It Ltd put a budget on their raw materials as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½34,600 however they ended up spending à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½42,000 on their raw materials for 2010. This gives them the variance of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7,400 which shows that the business did not stick to their budget as they exceeded it. They put a budget of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,300 on their electricity but actually ended up spending à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,000 in 2010 this means their variance was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½700 which also shows that Name It Ltd has not stuck to their budget, this means they could face possible bankruptcy. Name It Ltd put a budget of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,000 on their rent for 2010, they ended up spending à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,000 which meets their budget without going over it. This is what the business should be aiming for in order to control their costs and reduce the risk of their business failing.

Penny Press - One Cent Newspapers

Penny Press - One Cent Newspapers The Penny Press was the term used to describe the revolutionary business tactic of producing newspapers which sold for one cent. The Penny Press is generally considered to have started in 1833, when Benjamin Day founded The Sun, a New York City newspaper. Day, who had been working in the printing business, started a newspaper as a way to salvage his business. He had nearly gone broke after losing much of his business during a  local financial panic caused by the cholera epidemic of 1832. His idea of selling a newspaper for a penny seemed radical at a time when most newspapers sold for six cents. And though Day merely saw it as a business strategy to salvage his business, his analysis touched upon a class divide in society. Newspapers that sold for six cents were simply beyond the reach of many readers. Day reasoned that many working class people were literate, but were not newspaper customers simply because no one had published a newspaper targeted to them. By launching The Sun, Day was taking a gamble. But it proved successful. Besides making the newspaper very affordable, Day instituted another innovation, the newsboy. By hiring boys to hawk copies on street corners, The Sun was both affordable and readily available. People wouldn’t even have to step into a shop to buy it. Influence of The Sun Day did not have much of a background in journalism, and The Sun had fairly loose journalistic standards. In 1834 it published the notorious â€Å"Moon Hoax,† in which the newspaper claimed scientists had found life on the moon. The story was outrageous and proven to be utterly false. But instead of the ridiculous stunt discrediting The Sun, the reading public found it entertaining. The Sun became even more popular. The success of The Sun encouraged James Gordon Bennett, who had serious journalistic experience, to found The Herald, another newspaper priced at one cent. Bennett was quickly successful and before long he could charge two cents for a single copy of his paper. Subsequent newspapers, including the New York Tribune of Horace Greeley and the New York Times of Henry J. Raymond, also began publication as penny papers. But by the time of the Civil War, the standard price of a New York City newspaper was two cents. By marketing a newspaper to the widest possible public, Benjamin Day inadvertently kicked off a very competitive era in American journalism. As new immigrants came to America, the penny press provided very economical reading material. And the case could be made that by coming up with a scheme to save his failing printing business, Benjamin Day had a lasting impact on American society.

English Language and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

English Language and Communication - Essay Example Unfortuntely, the generl public sometimes ssocites foreign ccents with lower socil sttus. Spekers with foreign ccents my be viewed s less intelligent, less competent, nd even less ttrctive thn ntive English spekers. Other evidence indictes tht people in different countries hve been denied housing or employment simply becuse of their ccents. Negtive stereotyping nd stigmtiztion of English second-lnguge spekers is serious problem tht is excerbted by the frudulent clims of some shdy business people who sy tht they cn eliminte foreign ccents with expensive CDs nd lerning progrms. In fct there is no scientific evidence tht foreign ccent cn routinely be eliminted by ny such progrm. Theory relted to stigmtiztion defines this phenomenon s discrediting ttribute ssigned by society to those who differ in some mnner from society's expecttions, customs, nd mores. It results from socil ctegoriztion process tht llows for the quick identifiction of those who re similr nd those who re different nd cn therefore be considered s "others." It is not simply the ct of ctegoriztion tht results in stigmtiztion of certin groups, but, rther, the coupling of negtive vlue judgments with prticulr chrcteristics tht result in n dverse rection to difference. The dverse rection to ccents tkes the form of discrimintion, or beliefs, ttitudes, nd ctions directed t individuls due to "phenotypic chrcteristics or ethnic group ffilition" tht result in disprte life chnces or unequl outcomes. Disbility nd ethnicity re two such chrcteristics used to ctegorize individuls into stigmtized groups. There re multiple other stigmtizing chrcteristics, including femle gender nd single motherhood. Link nd Pheln (2001, 2001b) developed conceptul frmework for stigm tht ddresses the socil element inherent in the stigmtiztion process. Their frmework is bsed on interrelted components tht look beyond the individul, nd it ddresses the role of power in discrimintion. Within their frmework, lnguge stigm is conceptulized s five-stge process: () Differences re identified nd lbeled; (b) differences re linked to negtive stereotypes; (c) stereotyping llows for ctegoriztion nd plcement of stigmtized individuls into distinct groups, seprte from the dominnt culture; (d) seprtion llows for loss of sttus nd discrimintion; nd (e) power differentil exists between the lbeler nd the lbeled, mking discrimintion possible. Link nd Pheln (2001) identified three sources of discrimintion in reltion to ccent stigmtiztion: () direct or overt, (b) structurl or systemic, nd (c) socil-psychologicl processes operting through the stigmtized individul. The finl source, socil-psychologicl processes, describes sociliztion of stereotypicl perceptions nd the internliztion of such perceptions resulting in behviors tht my led to self-perpetuting discrimintion. With this source of discrimintion, individuls who believe tht they will be discriminted ginst my respond by withdrwing nd voiding socil contct, thereby negtively ffecting their support network nd incresing their levels of stress. Negative effects of accent on people's lives Fer of ccent stigmtiztion nd subsequent discrimintion my influence how individuls interct with others. Concelment of the